National Health Promotion Policy Impact

National Health Promotion Policy Impact Critically analyse the impact of the National Health Promotion Strategy 2000-2005 in the context of overall health provision and the relevance to Public Health Nursing Introduction The National Health Promotion Strategy addresses a new orientation towards illness prevention and reduction of use of secondary and tertiary care services. Its key focus on aspects of community, health and the individual, and the intersections between these disparate elements, is suggestive of a great capacity for improvement in key areas of health. This essay will look at this in relation to health provision and Public Health Nursing in Ireland. Lifestyle Choices and Health, Population Approach and Major Determinants of Health The strategy considers the particular lifestyle factors and choices which appear to affect health in the Irish population, and examines key sectors and sub-groups of the population in relation to particular health needs. This is nothing new, and nursing in the community setting, in primary care and in longer term tertiary care has long incorporated specialist provision for specific health-needs population groups (Watkins et al, 2003). However, health promotion at local and population levels may be focusing on a means of changing public opinion as well as personal choices, and there may be considerable resistance. Research might be needed into identifying where the greatest resistance is and in developing strategies specifically to overcome this. Determinants of health remain related to issues such as socio-economic status and location, access to health services, level of education, and the like. These are wider public-health related issues, and ones which require longer term strategic changes and longer term investment of resources. However, it might be that targeting the settings described below may contribute to this. The policy/practice interface may change with time, with emergent social forces and changes in the economic climate, and so it may be important to build in a degree of flexibility and scope for growth. Community organisations may play a key role here, but again, the funding of these is still indeterminate and poses questions for longer term sustainability. Settings Bringing health promotion into a range of community settings in a more proactive way seems a very positive step forward. Public health as a concept is very much about every sector of the community (Cowley, 1995), and public health programmes are historically very much concerned with areas of greatest need (Ewles, 2005). However, the strategy would need to overcome the professional/cultural hegemonies of different settings, and set out ways in which inter-professional and inter-agency communications and collaborations can be fostered. Breaking down the barriers between health services, community settings, organisations and agencies may be challenging. An incorporation of primary care principles and models (Starfield, 1995), into other settings might be particularly challenging. There may be a real need to identify expertise in relation to professional knowledge of the identified settings and to use this expertise, as a means of delivering the strategy and as a means of educating a wid er range of professionals to meet identified needs. This could form part of the community health needs assessment, a mapping of existing resources and expertise against needs, and might perhaps form a more realistic component of the implementation of the strategy. However, this would have to be carried out on an individual level as well, which could in itself pose a significant resource question, in relation to who will go and collect the information about individual employee/professional expertise and capability available in each location, setting or district. The coordination of such a comprehensive garnering of existing resources presents yet another challenge. Challenges and Strengths While the strategy has a strong community focus, medical models still dominate much of the rhetoric. Medical models and community-focused health promotion do not necessarily sit well together (Carr, 2007). The issue of resources is also challenging, because while it will contribute to developing a skilled and responsive workforce, this itself must be resourced, as well as changes and expansions in service provision. Topics The topics focused on are unsurprising, and are key areas of health promotion need across the developed world. All of these are public health concerns for the general population, but although there is reference to mental health, there is not enough of a focus here on wellbeing and what constitutes wellbeing for different sectors of the community, social, racial, cultural or other. Similarly, it is important to look at the intersections between the different topics, such as education and eating, socio-economic factors and healthy eating or lifestyles, and the like. This constitutes a major need for investigation and evaluation as an ongoing component of the plan, drawing on academic resources as well as healthcare service resources. Public Health Nursing The role of the public health nurse in Ireland is that which is most suited to deliver on all the above key areas of the strategy (Chavasse, 1995). However, the limitations of current systems might mean that public health nurses are being asked to be jack of all trades, and master of none. There may be a need to specialise in order to meet the needs of specific population sub-groups (Poulton et al, 2006; Barlow et al, 2007; Foxcroft et al, 2004). Public Health Nursing may provide a model of healthcare provision which can be used to develop services in line with the Strategy (Clarke, 2004; Markham and Carney, 2007), and contribute to the development of community health profiles, but extra resources will be required to ensure they can do this as well as carrying out their patient-facing role (Clarke, 2004; Cowley, 1995). Public Health Nurses can also provide a means of disseminating good practice, service innovation, change and innovation. However, the considerable demands would sugges t there is a need to examine the current models of provision and supervision of these key members of staff. Conclusion Acheson (1988) defines public health as a community endeavour, the art and science of preventing disease, promoting health and extending life through the organised efforts of society. This is a very laudable sentiment, but it still remains to be seen if the priorities of those in power, in society, those who define policy, are able to meet the needs of all those who constitute that society, without prejudice, or inequality. The history of health services would suggest otherwise. References Acheson, D. (1988) Committee of Inquiry into the future Development of the Public Health function. HMSO, London. Acheson, D. (1988) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in health. The Stationery Office, London. Barlow, J., Davis, H., McIntosh, E. et al (2007) Role of home visiting in improving parenting and health in families at risk of abuse and neglect: results of a multicentre randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation Archives of Disease in Childhood 92 229-233. Carr, S.M. (2007) Leading change in public health – factors that inhibit and facilitate energizing the process Primary Health Care Research Development (2007), 8 : 207-215 Cambridge University Press Chavasse, J. (1995) Public Health Nursing in the Republic of Ireland. Nursing Review 14 (1) 4-8. Clarke, J. (2004) Public Health Nursing in Ireland: A Critical Overview *. Public Health Nursing. 21(2):191-198, Cowley, S. (1995) Health-as-process: a health visiting perspective. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 22: 433-441. Department of Health and Children (2001) Primary Care: a New Direction. Available from: http://www.dohc.ie/publications/pdf/primcare.pdf?direct=1 Accessed 10-11-08. Department of Health and Children (2005) National Health Promotion Strategy 2000-2005 Dept. of Health Available from www.dohc.ie Accessed 17-11-08. Ewles, L. (2005). Key Topics in Public Health. London. Churchill Livingstone. Foxcroft, D.R., Ireland, d., Lister-Sharp, D.J. et al (2003) Longer-term primary prevention for alcohol misuse in young people: a systematic review Addiction 98 (4) 397-411. Markham, T. and Carney, M. (2007) Public Health Nurses and the delivery of quality nursing care in the community Journal of Clinical Nursing 17 (10) 1342-1350 Poulton, B., McKenna, H., Keeney, s. et al (2006) The role of the public health nurse in meeting the primary health care needs of single homeless people: a case study report Primary Health Care Research Development 7 (2) : 135-146 Starfield, B. (1994) Is primary care essential The Lancet 344 1129-1133. Watkins, D., Edwards, J. Gastrell, P. eds. (2003). Community Health Nursing: Frameworks for Practice. 2nd ed. p.35. London, Baillià ¨re Tindall.

A factual programme for television Essay

A factual programme for television is a programme that use facts, not opinions, as a basis for making decisions, it also documents actual events and people. This term has been in programmes such as documentaries, observational documentary, fly on the wall, docudrama, and reality television. Factual programming takes up a large percentage of terrestrial and digital airtime in the United Kingdom. It could easily be considered the largest of the genres, and it has many sub-genres that make up for a popular airtime filler. One of the most influential sub-genres in factual programming would be considered to be the News, which captures a large and varied target audience and holds all â€Å"mealtime† slots for each day. As so, there are many issues regarding factual programmes for television, like accuracy, often audiences watch factual televison with a critical eye, judging the degree of factuality in each reality format, based on their experience of other types of factual programming, also audiences watch certain programs on a regular basis at least the most common ones, like documentaries and news and the way audiences react, for example to the documentary fakery is such that they become distrustful of the truth of what they were seeing in observational documentaries. Which point to the fact that audiences value accuracy of imformation and truthfulness in news, current affairs and documentary more than in popular factual programmes. The balance between information and entertainment in popular factual television is also important, audiences consider reality shows to be entartainment rather than informative, when viewers discuss informative elements in traditional reality programmes, discussion centers on the deplyment of knowledge, such as pratical tips for viewers. For example, programmes about consumer issues, or health are thought to be informative because viewers can relate to them, and store information, or ideas, for later use. These reality formats provide pratical and social learning opportunities within an entertainement frame. When viewers discuss informative elements in contemporary reality programmes, discussion centers on the idea of learning rather than learning itself. These reality formats do not provide clear pratical or social learning opportunities, and instead foreground entertainement, so is very important the balance between imformation and entertainment. Another issue relating to factual programming is the impartility of it, a factual programme dealing with controversial public policy or matters of political, economic or social controversy like for example the news, needs to be impartial, if to the presenter of the news is given the chance to air their views, opinions and to criticize, this might not only be considered undesirable but even dangerous, so a proper presenter most show open-mindedness, fairness and a respect for the truth. He must not allow his professional judgement to be influenced by pressures from political, commercial or other sectional interests or by his personal bias. Another issue regarding factual programmes is to ensure proper objectivity, nowhere is this distortion more apparent than in the debate about drugs and cannabis in particular. On December 2007 BBC Radio 4 broadcast a series of two investigative â€Å"factual† reports titled â€Å"The Cannabis Trade† which recieved a complaint, but the complaint was not that the programme should have presented the case for legalisation, that was made utterly clear, simply that the reason for the growth in organised crime is well understood as being a result of the prohibition regime and that by not drawing attention to this essential fact the programme presented a distorted view of the true situation. It is thus easy to misrepresent â€Å"the truth† not by telling a lie, but by not telling all of the story. The program presented their own biased viewpoints without any checks or balances or a duty to be truly objective, not ensuring objectivity it caused this problem. Also there is the problem with privacy in factual programmes, If a source does not want you to share something to do with them on a programme you have to respect and not put it up there. You need to respect their privacy and let them to be confident in the show. But there are other kind of programs such as Big brother that use surveillance camera to watch the daily live and explore their privacy, but this kind of programmes already have the consent of the people being exposed.

Linternship Report on Pearl Global LTD Essay

DECLARATION We, Juhi Yadav And Neha Sinha hereby declare that the Summer Internship Project entitled â€Å"Time study of various mocks prepared by the tailor and To study the defects that comes on the final checking table (for style #5499) in production. Submitted towards, partial fulfillment of the program ‘Master of Fashion Technology’ is Our original work and no part of the project has been copied from any other reports or any other work carried by someone else which has been submitted for any other degree/award. However, any material taken from any other published source has been suitably referred and acknowledged at various places. CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the Project entitled â€Å"Time study of various mocks prepared by the tailor and To study the defects that comes on the final checking table (for style #5499) in production. Submitted towards the partial fulfillment of the program ‘Master of Fashion Technology’ by Juhi Yadav And Neha Sinha in their work under my guidance and the results are based on the research done by them. PREFACE The industry training is aimed towards blending the classroom principles with industry application for the students. This training helps industry to analyze day to day activities with the help of internees who will learn practical application of different principles and will be able to draw inferences. This report attempts to present my experience as a trainee in PEARL GLOBAL LTD. Premier Export Houses. We worked with the Production Department, & Merchandising Departments but it involved interaction with the other departments as well. The aim of this training program was to gain practical knowledge in the area. It gave me an opportunity to be a part of the esteemed organizations and get the first hand knowledge of various departments under a Merchandiser and the entire export house. It gave me a feel of work culture and the actual environment of working of export oriented unit. I have tried to summarize my work experience in this report in the best possible manner I could. It gives the facts about the organizations and offers a look into the working of their various departments. In the end of this report I’m giving my project work which I done there. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I did my summer internships for 12 weeks at Pearl Global Ltd. At the very outset, I find my self fully engulfed in immense pleasure in expressing my sincere and profound gratitude to Mr. Anand Bhatia (G.M PRODUCTION) for providing US an opportunity to complete our internship in this prestigious organization. I would like to extend my particular thanks to my Mentor Mr Praveen Bhaker ( Asst. Merchant) Mr Siddhart Puri (I.E Head), Mr Sanjay (Senior Merchandiser) and Naman Bedi (Merchant) for their strong and continuous support all the way through my project. I also owe my thanks to Mr. Abhishek Garg (Fabric Manager) and his team members , Mr Sanjay Mishra (QA Department) for giving us the valuable insights during m internship, Mr Nizam (Cutting and Spreading Department) and their team members for coordination providing us important guidance and knowledge about their respective departments and helping us to solve our queries. I thank all other staff and crew of Pearl Global Limited who facilitated us with their ample cooperation and valuable guidance during our internship. At my institute I would like to express my sincere thanks to my Mentor Dr. Prabir Jana and Mr N.A.Khan and all the staff members of ‘Department of Fashion Technology’ for allocating us this organization and helping us out in the best possible ways during the period of internship. Last but definitely not the least; I would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to my family, friends and relatives for passively helping us throughout the project.

Sex Addiction Essays - 1379 Words

Sex Addiction Addiction, a compulsive psychological need for a habit-forming substance according to an online dictionary (p). In this instance, the substance is sex or masturbation. A sex addict needs progressively more and more explicit pornographic material in order to become aroused. Their behavior becomes centered on different sexual experiences and the desire to attain them. The person cannot control their sexual appetites resulting in severe consequences for themselves and others. Sex addiction is a lifelong problem that needs to be contained in order to avoid continued complications. Shame, secretiveness, and abusiveness in a person accompany the addiction. Treatment is available in different forms; however, because this†¦show more content†¦A more commonly known approach towards diagnosing the addiction explores childhood experiences. Many affected people were subject to sexual abuse from a parent, baby-sitter, or another older person when they were younger. This inappropriate int roduction induces feelings of shame and fear that surround sexual activities for these people (4). A chaotic, hostile, or neglectful household can also be a factor driving a person towards sex addiction. The person will use sex or masturbation for comfort and will equate the two with each other. These arguments suggest a nurture aspect to the problem because it arises as a response to their environment. Outside forces act to develop the people into addicts. Childhood is an extremely impressionable period and in the circumstances the dangerous forces push a child towards harmful behaviors. Sex addiction becomes an overriding power in a persons life and takes it out of their control. Their behavior deviates from the norm, but in such a way that it is unnoticeable by relatives or loved ones because it is so secretive. 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