Social Construction Of Race Essay - 736 Words

Social Construction Of Race In society, race clearly affects one’s life chances. These are the chances of getting opportunities and gaining experience for progression. The social construction of race is based on privileges and availability of resources. Looking at society and the formation of race in a historical context, whites have always held some sort of delusional belief of a â€Å"white-skin privilege.† This advantage grants whites an advantage in society whether one desires it or not. This notion is often commonly referred to as reality. In order for one to understand how racism has come to be what we know it as today, we must first examine the Constitution of the United States. This document clearly states, â€Å"We the†¦show more content†¦I believe that of the rights denied to many, the most significant were those that were denied to the slaves. Slaves were certainly people, although their rights were not secured in the Constitution. Being that their right to vote was denied, they were forced to live in a society in which the government officials did not represent their race. Hence, this produced a nation that was segregated into two very separate classes. Segregated from one another on a social status level, the classes consisted of those who ran the country and those who worked to live in it. As you can see, inequalities have plagued America for hundreds of years and continue to do so. I believe racism to be as apparent today if not more profound then in the past. A large portion of society believes that no man is still to this day denied any unalienable rights. I do not believe this statement to be true. We have adopted affirmative action programs and enforced strict equal opportunity employment laws to hinder discrimination. Although I believe it is still a very prevalent issue in today’s society. Despite laws, investigations and results show that twenty percent of African Americans interviewing for jobs were turned down due to the color of their skin (Omi and Winant 67-68). Indeed racism may be very subtle in most cases; it is not a thing of the past but rather a very serious problem in society that evolvesShow MoreRelatedRace And Race : The Social Construction Of Race858 Words   |  4 PagesThe race is an indefinite term, which has not been created from science or research, but more so the idea of what it is. Essentially, race is all about percept ion. One person may separate races based on a certain category of traits while another person uses totally different guidelines to define what races there are. Race has ultimately been created socially, therefor has no biological components until people connect the two terms. This paper examines the connection between society and race whileRead MoreRace As A Social Construction1679 Words   |  7 PagesAlisha Sparks Dr. Stanley POLS 24 November 2015 Race as a Social Construction When we talk about race, what are we really talking about? The issue of race is a complex issue, with socially ambiguous undertones that have plagued our society for decades. Race has been a marker and maker of stereotypes. Race has been used as a justification for injustice. Whether slavery, Japanese internment, or social and economic exclusion, race has given an avenue for those in power to exclude ones deemed ‘other’Read MoreThe Social Construction Of Race1242 Words   |  5 Pagesfoundation for what appears to be the social construction of race. Somewhere along the lines, eugenics became more about isolating certain human characteristics, like skin color, and relegating them to a hierarchy of societal importance (Norrgard, 2008). Race is simply defined as a pattern-based concept that allows for the general public to draw conclusions based on an individual’s geographical location and thereby predetermining their inclusion into a particular social group (Yudel l, et al., 2016) TheRead MoreRace As A Social Construction822 Words   |  4 Pageswhat is race? The term race is difficult to define as a result of the belief that it is â€Å"racist† to talk about race. Although how do we know what race is if we do not discuss it within society. After much thought I defined race as an individual’s background that may be used to describe their ancestor’s demographics as well as their religion. However, today people tend to put more emphasis on race being the color of an individual’s skin. As discussed in class society does not understand what race is,Read MoreThe Social Construction Of Race1638 Words   |  7 Pagesstupid immoral, diseased, lazy, incompetent, and dangerous to the white man’s virtue and social order â€Å"(p.181). Blackness have become objectified in public spaces, they are view as a threat on the street of Toronto, surrounding areas and even in the criminal justice system. In fact this negative stereotype of criminalization have put Black males under scrutiny and constant surveillance. The social construction of race by the dominant belief system are still embedded in society that capitalized on minoritiesRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Race1743 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Social Construction of Race, Ian F. Haney Lopez defines race as a social construct that is constantly changing its meaning due to the fickle nature of society. Lopez believes that this fickleness stems from a social climate formed by a variety of factors such as human economic interest, current events, and ideology. There are certain racial definitions however, that have remained mostly the same despite efforts to bring attention to the offensiveness and immorality of such discriminatory thinkingRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Race2146 Words   |  9 PagesAbadjivor AFAS 304B Professor Machibya 30 March 2015 The Social Construction of Race The underlying characteristic of race concepts is found in its use of phenotypes and physical differences in order to gain an understanding of why there are different people that exist in the world. These differences have been used in understanding the behaviors, intellect, and the value of humans through connecting different characteristics to different classified races. Using phenotypical differences to understand certainRead MoreRace As A Social Construction966 Words   |  4 PagesRace is a concept only existing in societies with systems of oppression based on social racism. In chapter eleven: Inequality, they discuss how, â€Å"There is nothing intrinsic about, for example, any racial or ethnic group that makes it distinct from any other; race and ethnicity are dynamic, fluid categories that are socially defined†(Ritzer). The oppression of â€Å"superior† groups demonstrates on â€Å"inferior† groups is one consequence of race as a social construction, whic h is to have one’s identity reducedRead MoreRace Is A Social Construction1074 Words   |  5 Pagesthe term â€Å"race† should not be used. Scholars and others argue that the term â€Å"race† should not be used because there is no biological basis for the concept of race. Geneticists have determined that code for physical traits (the key distinguishing characteristic for â€Å"race†) are inherited independently of one another. Any attempts there have been to define race based on genes are futile, because there is no set of genes that everyone within the â€Å"race† has. Scholars argue that race is a social constructionRead MoreSocial Construction of Race1867 Words   |  8 PagesThere is perhaps no bigger and more expansive social construction known to man than the construction of race. In earlier times race meant a tie to national origin, Greek race, Roman race, etc. race underwent a big change in meaning to it’s more contemporary form to distinguish biological differences of physical features and skin color (Wiegman 157). Film and television in this century and the twentieth century have aided and perpetuated stereotypes of race. These stereotypes have been most associated

The Status Of The Arab Minority - 864 Words

The status of the Arab minority (Palestinian Arab) in Israel has been a persistent question since the 1948 war, or as the Arab minority identifies it, â€Å"Al-Nakba† or â€Å"Catastrophe.† While Israel self-identifies as the nation state of the Jewish people, approximately twenty percent of people within its borders identify as Arab — yet, it often unclear what their rights and roles are in a state that has historically discriminated against them and treated them as second class citizens.The fight for collective rights has been a decades long struggle, hindered in part due to the divisions within the Arab community, which is made up of Druze, Christians, Bedouins, and Muslims, groups with different political interests and priorities. The lack of unification has kept them from gaining collective rights or significant political clout within Israel. Thus, to this day, Arab citizens are disproportionately impoverished, unemployed, and uneducated compared to their Is raeli peers. However, the path to a solution is complicated by both external and internal Israeli security concerns and a desire to maintain the character of a Jewish State. Thus, while the alienated Palestinian minority poses a legitimate challenge to the future of Israel, the status quo is unlikely to change. Since the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, the Arab minority has been subject to policies and attitudes, in the name of Israel’s security, that have engendered inequality, discrimination, and divisionsShow MoreRelatedSociolinguistics and Development of Israel’s Arab Minority1368 Words   |  6 Pages The objective of this report is to give a concise study regarding the Arab minority in Israel. It will trace some significant issues that have impacted the overall linguistic reality, nevertheless the marginalization of Arabs in that small but complex country. It will track the language policy adopted in that country, the educational, political,practical,social,ideological reasons that have lead to the Arabic status in Israel. Spolsky and shohamy(1999a:41)suggest an obvious difference among threeRead MoreArab-Jewish Cooperation and Peaceful Coexistence845 Words   |  3 Pagesviewed as the minorities, which cause them to be alienated. The Israelites were instructed to withdraw from the West Bank and Gaza territories, by policymakers and supporters of peace, in order to create a solid Jewish majority within the states boundaries. The peace process had no positive effect for the Palestinian citizen, instead it alienated them to confined within these two cities alone. Integration is he ld back not only by the Israelites exclusion, but also by the Palestinian’s minority findingRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography : The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini742 Words   |  3 Pagesprocesses of characters and what factors led them to arrive to such consequences. â€Å"Afghanistan-Hazaras.† Minority Rights Group, Minority Rights Group International, minorityrights.org/minorities/hazaras/. Accessed 14 Aug. 2017. This is a trustworthy source of understanding Hazara people. All the information regarding Hazaras is published by Minority Right Group. Their mission is to help minorities around the world to have their voices heard. The source provides valuable point regarding struggles facedRead MoreRace As A Social Construction1679 Words   |  7 Pagesblacks and slaves alike. They gave extended privileges to anyone deemed white and diminished the stature of freed blacks. Slave codes restricted the movement of slaves, while immediately validating the idea that white indentured servants had higher status by virtue of their race. This establishment of slave codes was not the full extent of legalized race based policy in the United States. The United States Constitution protected the institution of chattel slavery and simultaneously devalued the personhoodRead MoreEssay on Racism in Disneys Aladdin993 Words   |  4 PagesDisney’s movie Aladdin (1992), â€Å"was a high-profile release, the winner of two Academy Awards, and one of the most successful Disney films ever produced† (Giroux, 104); however, what is often disregarded is the obvious depiction of careless racism towards Arabs seen in the illustrations of the characters, the statuses into which they are placed and the lyrics of the opening song near beginning of the film. Furthermore, with the movie disguising itself as innocent and wholesome, children are exposed to theseRead MoreThree lines of poetry plot the trajectory of Arab national consciousness. â€Å"Awake, O Arabs, and600 Words   |  3 PagesThree lines of poetry plot the traj ectory of Arab national consciousness. â€Å"Awake, O Arabs, and arise!† begins the famous ode of Ibrahim al-Yaziji, penned in 1868 in Lebanon. Around that time, but even today, we saw people who insisted on sovereign Arab states in the Middle East. They thus seem to assume that there is one universal Arab identity, but what does this entail, and can we even speak of an Arab identity, looking at the historical perspective of the region that we call the Middle EastRead MoreThe Syrian Conflict Of The Middle East1336 Words   |  6 PagesAs an Arab I constantly heard other Arabs around me blame every problem big or small in the Middle East being caused by the Western colonizers that colonized the Arab states in the 20th century. Now I defiantly don’t blame the British and French for all of our problems but indeed they are the root cause of some of the problems in the Middle East, and their meddling in the current affairs in the Middle East is adding on to the problems w e have and causing new ones erupt. Out of all the problems inRead More Understanding the Benefits of Ethnic Divide Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesa system designed to overcome societal discrimination of the past by forcing privileges into the hands of minorities (Brunner, par. 1). These privileges translate into unquestioned college enrollment, job opportunities, and additional resources. Heralded as a great step in the fight for civil rights, affirmative action has indeed helped to bridge the racial gap among citizens of varying status. Amid these good intentions however, downsides in the system became obvious as early as the 1970?s, broughtRead MoreEssay on Criminal Profiling1253 Words   |  6 Pagesof profiling is on the offender’s ethic race. Racial profiling allows people to target race in racial profiling in the belief that certain races commit more crimes than other races (Ridgeway, 2007). The minority groups such as African-Americans, Hispanic Americans, Japanese- Americans, and Arab Middle-East Americans (Persico, 2002). are often targeted because of their unique backgrounds, language and their appearance. Racial profiling is discriminatory, ineffective, and counter-productive to protectingRead MoreThe Muslim Community1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe Muslim community has faced many microassaults, microinsults, and microinvalidations in America. The microassaults reflect the conscious discrimination about a population. Many of the microassaults consisted of people stating that Arabs or Middle Eastern citizens are terrorists. Because of September 11, 2011, many have condemned one group of citizens as the reason for war in America. The microinsults consisted of every Muslim that comes to an airport being required to be checked, in hopes of safety

Waste Management Paper and Pulp Industries

Question: Discuss about theWaste Managementfor Paper and Pulp Industries. Answer: Introduction Paper and pulp industries are some of the leading pollutants globally. The process manufacturing entails bleaching and pulping stages. Pulping is the first stage with the highest source of pollution in this industry. The stage entails the treatment of wood chips to get rid of lignin improve the fiber to be used in making paper. The process uses a lot of water and energy. However, the amount of water and energy used depends on the production process despite the technologies available. Having this in mind, the essay will identify the major pollutants and the treatment strategies available to eliminate/ manage the waste. Overview In this industry, the wastewater released contains a concentration of chemicals like sodium carbonate, chlorine dioxide, and hydrochloric acid. The major issue with the wastewater is the high concentration of organic content, absorbable halide (AOX), and many other toxic pollutants. The environmental issues related to paper and pulp industry are not restricted to the amount of water consumed. In this case, the wastewater, wastes like mud generated from treatment plants, and polluted air is some of the pollution issues that face this industry. The removal of wastes results to environmental issues due to the pathogens, organic matter, heavy metals, and ash. Therefore, effective treatment and disposal approaches for these wastes are vital. Discussed below in detail are some of the main waste products released from this industry. Wastewater Wastewaters released as of the bleaching and pulping are considerably exceptional depending on the processes and the type of chemical used. About 300 m3 of water is used in pulping and most of the water released is highly polluted. However, pulping, wood preparation, washing, screening, bleaching, and the coating are the common source of pollution (Bajpai 2009). Solid and Toxic Wastes Solid wastes and wastewater are the major environmental problem from the paper and pulping industry. Solid wastes from the pulping industry consist of lime mud, sludges, and liquor dregs. Solid wastes contain a considerable alarm to the environment as they contain chlorinated elements. Therefore, adequate disposal mechanism for the solid wastes should be instituted to reduce damage on the environmental. Gases Poison gas emission are also the major alarm in the paper and pulp manufacturing. Water vapors are the critical air emissions as they contain nitrogen oxides, organic compounds (OCs), and sulfur compounds (Afonso Pinho 2011). Waste Management In this industry, the use of energy and energy brings about the substantial measure of wastes like water, air pollution, and solid waste. Distinctive sorts of waste are generated from the various paper creation steps and every one of these stages poses environmental problems. To take care of this issue: Waste reduction should be conducted by utilizing new and appropriate technologies. End-of-pipe treatment advancements in technology ought to be utilized before the release of the waste products. Waste Reduction Waste reduction is done in two ways. First is through recycling and chemical revitalization. This framework, particularly in the chemical pulping process, minimizes toxins and besides, economic gain is another imperative viewpoint. Chemical regain is vital due to the fundamental financial feasibility of kraft procedure. According to Albertson (2010), all kraft paper and pulp factories globally utilize chemical recovery frameworks. In any case, no chemical recovery is used in some sulfite factories. Furthermore, scrubber systems like electrostatic precipitators are apparatus used to control air pollution. Second, in order to limit waste generation from the plants is the use of best accessible techniques as indicated by the Integrated Pollution, Prevention, and Control (IPPC) guideline. A successful waste reduction technique minimizes cost, risk, administrative weights of unsafe waste management (Andreasan, Agertved, Petersen Skaarup 2010). Besides, risky waste can be minimized by was te reduction strategies including: Generation and arranging process alteration as well as adjustment raw material substitution housekeeping waste isolation and separation recycling End- of- pipe Treatment The expansion of small salts particles to produce bigger particles is the basic rule of the technique. Research is being conducted to determine the best chemicals from hexamethylene diamine epichlorohydrin polycondensate, Al2(SO4)3, horseradish peroxide (chitosan), polyethyleneimine (PEI) to expel AOX. However, Aghamohammadi and Durai-Swamy (2015) points out that chitosan is more compelling in the removal of toxins from the main pollutant. For instance, the use of chitosan removes 96% of alum salt from paper, 60% of COD in pulping, and 20% COD in bleaching effluents. In addition, using polyelectrolytes is more efficient than the ordinary coagulant in the extraction of COD, color, and turbidity (Afonso Pinho 2011). Summary and Conclusion The demand for paper is on the increase due to industrialization. Water and energy use and the generation of waste is becoming an area of concern worldwide. The main objective is to lessen the damage on the environment by waste minimization, recycle, and reuse. Nevertheless, end-of-pipe is the most effective way to treat waste. To assess the waste and create treatment technologies require an all-encompassing step. The major contamination stack constitutes wastewaters from the pulp and paper plants. An assortment of wastewater is created from various procedures. Effective technologies have been utilized for this treatment. However, the effective way for the treatment of waste is through the biological, anaerobic, and aerobic treatment procedures. Solid waste disposal and management is also an area of concern. Amid the last transfer step, the step ought to be waste and chemical recovery due to the environmental concerns. The best accessible treatment technologies for every one of the t hree waste stages relies on upon the forms of production, raw materials, and the laws and regulations, which the businesses need to comply. However, it is critical for these industries to come up with effective strategies for waste management to prevent further damage to the environment. Reference List Afonso, M.D. Pinho, M.N. 2011. Membrane separation processes in pulp and paper production. Filter. Sep., Vol.2, No.1, pp.42 4. Aghamohammadi, B. Durai-Swamy, K. 2015.A disposal alternative for sludge waste from recycled paper and cardboard. Environmental Issues and Technology in the Pulp and Paper Industry. A TAPPI Press Anthology of Published Papers, 19911994, pp. 445449. Albertson, D.M. 2010. Paper sludge waste disposal problem or energy opportunity. Energy Products of Idaho. Andreasen, K.; Agertved, J.; Petersen, J.O. Skaarup, H. 2010 Improvement of sludge settle ability in activated sludge plants treating effluent from pulp and paper industries. Water Sci. Technol., Vol. 40, No.11 12, pp.21521. Bajpai, P. 2009. Treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents with anaerobic technology. Randalls Road, Leatherhead, UK: Pira International.

Spousal Assault Essays - Abuse, Violence Against Men,

Spousal Assault Spousal assault is either the male or the female of the relationship who is being beaten up very brutally by their partner, such as a marriage. In most violent marriages the women in most cases are mostly subjected to spousal assaults. Women who are subjected to such beatings by there spouses are considered to Be known as "Battered wives. Wife assult is to be known as a very serious crime when committed this type of action can happen to any person at any age of there lives. Their husbands or even their boyfriends beat up over one million Canadian women each year. There are five types of wife abuse that are physical, psychological, emotional, sexual and also financial. Some men beat their wives to a point until they receive power and control over there battered wives spousal assault is a continuing process by which has many contributing factors. A common myth about wife abuse is that it is direct result of the perpetuators drinking problem and if it is treated, the addiction and abuse would end. Alcohol and different types of drugs do not cause the spouse to beat there wives senseless but although the alcohol may be contributing factor to the abusement. Many of the men who are constantly abusing their wives do so with out any substance abuse .The men who are beating their wives have one main reason for doing so and that is to gain power, and to gain control over their wives. If they realize that they have not received enough control and power over their wives they would continue to do so till they do gain there advantage over there wives. The man who constantly drinks and does drugs when they batter their wives is used as an excuse for beating their wives up.Alcohol is a strong substance that can cause the men to be highly encouragably that can cause the men to be very violent. Many of the abusive men who have increasingly battered their wives Page 2 to a pulp try to apologies to their wives and want them to forgive them for there wrongful act and try to make up many excuses that she had done some thing wrong such phrases as these: " If you had been a better wife ", " Oh , it was your fault " , " Your not being a good mother to the kids or to the family ." " then you would not have deserved to be beaten up ". Beaten up their wives is all about control and power over their wives. The man tries to control what she does, whom she is talking to all the time and even keeps a track on her to see where she is going at any time of the day. If the wife does not listen to the " King " they try to intimidate their wives by putting fear in their wives by giving them fearful looks, unusual actions , giving her threatening gestures , talking to her in a loud despicable voice. Grabbing things of her property and smashing and throwing them all over the house. The husband believes that he has absolute power and ever-lasting control over his wife. Most of the men consider them selves as the king of the castle in other word the home. He thinks that he is the one who makes the " Big " decisions in the home. And also not letting the wife make any rules of her own in the home, and she is also expected to listen the man if not she knows what would happen if she doesn't listen to her husband. The man takes it as an advantage to control the household so no one is able to over control him. Making or carrying out threats to his wife or emotionally hurting her is another way that the man wants power over his wife. Using the children to make the wife feel guilty in a way the man will sometimes do to harass her, Many of the men will ask their wives to do very sickening sexual things to him even though she doesn't want to do such an act with him. Always physically attacking her sexual parts on her body and treating her like a sex object that can be very ridiculing for a woman, the man sexually abuses her. There are five forms of wife abuse. Firstly, psychological abuse. Psychological abuse is when the women live with the constant fear